Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall

The site of this project is the old Merinos textile factory grounds, one of the landmarks of Turkey’s industrialization process during the 20th century.

Originally built during Turkey’s Early Republican period and opened by M.K. Atatürk on 2 February 1938, the Merinos factory was abandoned after the year 2000 and given to the Bursa Metropolitan Municipality in 2005, to be developed for cultural and creative activities. The Bursa Metropolitan Municipality has undertaken and realized this project, to give the building and its environs new functions that meet the contemporary social and cultural needs of the growing city.

This building is part of an urban renewal project consisting of three main parts, the Merinos Park, the Merinos Culture Center, and the Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall.

The project received the Union of Historical Towns “Excellence in Architecture Award” in 2007.
In 2010, the project received the ‘International Architecture Award 2010’ from the Chicago Athenaeum, and will be exhibited in Madrid in November 2010.

Merinos Park:

Total Land 270,000 m2
Total Landscape Area 208,000 m2 (42,000 m2 hardscape, 166,000 m2 softscape)

The Merinos Park serves the needs of the surrounding area as well as the larger urban area. With its thousands of new and old trees, artificial lake, jogging and cycling paths, seating areas, children’s play areas, cafe, snack bars and other facilities, the Merinos Park is an important, centrally located recreational complex for the city of Bursa.

Merinos Culture Center:

Total Construction Area 67,600 m2 (includes the new 9,600 m2 parking)
Ground Floor Area 36,500 m2

The former Merinos Factory building, that had lost its practical and technical functionality, constitutes the main site of this re-use project. The newly transformed Merinos Culture Center houses the following cultural facilities: A music conservatory, art galleries, art studios, library, textile and silk museums.

Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall:

Design 2006
Application 2006 - 2010
Total Construction Area 54,000 m2
Ground Floor Area 14,800 m2

The Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall has been designed to integrate both formally and functionally with the Merinos Culture Center and Park. It includes a 1650-seat concert hall designed for opera, ballet and symphony orchestra performances, an 850-seat auditorium for conferences and concerts, a smaller 400-seat concert hall, a ballroom with a capacity for 1000 people, galleries, a cafeteria and other facilities. This complex fulfills an important socio-cultural need of the city of Bursa.

Situated in front of the east façade of the Merinos Culture Center, the Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall faces the pedestrian walkway that arrives from the east across the park. Volumetrically the building opens up at this point to create a public plaza underneath its broad metal roof that addresses the surrounding urban fabric and invites citizens to use the Merinos Culture Center and the new Opera House as a whole.

As described above, the complex is planned for the people of Bursa to be used through the cultural and education functions of the Bursa Municipality. While the initial project prepared in 2005 - 2006 had placed commercial uses and twelve cinemas in the old Merinos factory building, the completed Merinos Culture Center today is used solely for culture and education. The newly defined and highly flexible space created inside the old factory building has far exceeded expectations in terms of its capacity and multifunctionality.

The Merinos Park surrounding the building has been fully opened to the use of Bursa’s inhabitants. Other than the historical Merinos factory building, the site has been cleared of any derelict buildings, thus allowing for the park area to be increased from the previous 138,000 m2 to 208,000 m2 of green space. This unexpected recreational space has been serving the people of Bursa since 2008.

The Preservation Committee of Bursa has made a crucial decision, on the request of the architects, to declare the land of the entire settlement to be used solely for the purposes of Culture, Art, Education and Recreation, while banning any possibility of commercially developing or constructing new buildings on the land in the future.

Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall Technical Information:

OPERA HALL

The main hall of the Bursa Atatürk Culture Centre embraces a comprehensive acoustic and technical program to produce and perform full size opera, ballet and musicals, in addition to conferences and concerts. All machinery, lighting and acoustic systems are designed to provide excellent facilities for meeting the artistic demands in performance of drama and music.

Stage Technique

Stage Machinery includes all the installations necessary for moving scenery, lighting equipment and people on and across the stage. It allows movement of the scenery during a performance in a silent, fast and safe way.

Stage Machinery is divided into Upper and Lower Machinery. Upper Machinery includes all systems installed above the stage floor such as the Fly Bars, Point Hoists, Lighting Bridges, Acoustic Doors, Fire Curtain, House Curtain and Moveable Proscenium Towers. Lower Machinery includes all systems installed in and under the stage floor such as Stage Podium Lifts, Orchestra Pit Lifts and the Revolving Stage.

Stage Lighting

Four levels of catwalks and the suspended lighting bridges in the fly tower allow access to the lighting over the stage area. On the Portal Bridge and Towers, Lighting Positions are integrated into the construction to provide front lighting for the main stage.

Further Lighting Bridges are built into the acoustic auditorium ceiling for stage-front lighting. Besides, Lighting Positions are provided at each side of the balconies where vertical and horizontal arrays of luminaries provide a general cover of the Front Stage and the Orchestra Pit area.

To fulfill the growing demands in Stage Lighting, a Follow Spot Room and a Projection Room is placed at the back of the auditorium in addition to the Lighting Control Room.

Electro-acoustics

Sound Reinforcement Systems are installed in the Main Auditorium to meet the needs of high quality amplification and playback in operas, operettas and musicals. These systems also help achieving variable acoustics which is important for adapting a hall to different types of performances.

The loudspeakers for the audience consist of the Main Overhead Proscenium and the Stage Front Edge Loudspeakers, the Balcony Fill and Surround Speakers, the Front Fill Systems on the Proscenium sides, the Sub-woofers on the Proscenium sides and in the ceiling.

The Interpreters’ Booths are installed in the side walls of the Main Hall, while the Sound Control Room is situated on the first balcony level.
CONFERENCE HALL

While Conference and Musical Performance are the main uses of this hall, it is also designed to allow for theatrical performances or function as a movie theatre.

Stage Technique

The Upper Machinery of the stage is installed hanging from the roof construction over the stage and provides total flexibility for various performing arts. This above-stage machinery includes Fly Bars, the House Curtain, Fire Curtains and Point Hoists.

Theatre Lighting

The necessary lighting positions over the stage are provided by a flexible hanging system and suspended lighting bridges. Four lighting bridges are installed into the suspended acoustic ceiling of the Auditorium in order to allow stage-front lighting. A Follow Spot Room is located next to the Control Room, which is located at the back of the Conference Hall.

Electro-acoustics

The sound system of the Conference Hall is designed to be of similar quality, with similar facilities, as that of the Main Hall. In addition, a cinema type surround sound system is built into the hall with speakers built into the side and rear walls.

REHEARSAL HALL

The Rehearsal Hall is designed primarily for Ballet and Orchestra Rehearsals; additionally the hall also provides for concerts and conferences for 400 seats. The hall includes a Recording Studio and a Sound Control Room. The concert layout takes place using a moveable, flexible platform. During ballet rehearsals portable dance flooring is installed and mirrors concealed behind wooden slatted blinds are opened up. Hooks are integrated into the ceiling construction to allow for various lighting options and positions.

Architectural Design
CAFER BOZKURT ARCHITECTURE

Cafer BOZKURT, Dipl. Architect
Hasan ŞENER, Prof. Dr. Dipl. Architect
İlhami KURT, Architect

Project Chief:
Hasan YİRMİBEŞOĞLU, Dipl. Architect

Project Team:
Sibel ÖZKARS, Architect
Rukiye ERYAŞAR, Interior Architect
Defne BOZKURT, Architect
Vedat KAYA

Structural Design:
BALKAR Engineering / İrfan BALİOĞLU, Dr. Civil Eng.

Mechanical Design:
SETTA Engineering / İbrahim KÖROĞLU, Mech. Eng.

Electrical Design:
ÖNEREN Engineering / Hilmi ÖNEREN, MS. Elec. Eng.
Infrastructure:
KÖROGLU Engineering / Zafer KÖROĞLU, Civil. Eng.

Landscape Architecture:
ÇEVSA Co./ Ahmet YILDIZCI, Prof. Dr. MS. Forest Eng.

Interior Architecture:
CAFER BOZKURT ARCHITECTURE

Acoustics:
SEY Consultancy / Yıldız SEY, Prof. Dr. Dipl. Architect
PRO-PLAN Co. / Temel BELEK, Prof. Dr. MS. Mech. Eng.

Stage Design and Electro-Acoustics:
COWI (Denmark)

Lighting Design:
Mehmet S. KÜCÜKDOĞU, Prof. Dr. Dipl. Architect

Contractor:
GİNTAŞ Construction Co.
ÖZTİMURLAR Co.