Zaha Hadid Architects has completed a new amphitheatre-like promenade in Niederhafen, Hamburg, Germany, which was built as a flood protection barrier against the city's surge floods that happened many times in previous years. 

ZHA's promenade is located at Niederhafen on the Elbe River between St. Pauli Landungsbrücken and Baumwall in Hamburg, the upgraded 625-metre river promenade is integral to the modernisation and reinforcement of the city’s flood protection system. 

ZHA's new promenade presents a continuous flow between the city fabric and the port that allow people to sit, relax and watch the port. The curved lines of the promenade entirely marks Zaha Hadid Architects' design language as they are shaped through smooth geometry. 

The design was developed in response to the city's storm surge floods occurred in February 1962 that caused 315 fatalities and destroyed the homes of 60,000 residents, between 1964 and 1968. 

The city of Hamburg developed a barrier on the banks of the Elbe at Niederhafen to protect the city against floods up to a height of 7.20m above sea level.

"Modern hydrology and computer simulations have since analysed and forecast the city’s flooding characteristics with greater accuracy; calculating that an increase in the barrier height of 0.80m was required to protect Hamburg from future winter storm surges and extreme high tides," said Zaha Hadid Architects. 

"Inspections of Niederhafen’s existing flood barrier in 2006 determined that supporting elements of the existing structure were overburdened and its foundations needed significant reinforcement." 

Later that year, the city of Hamburg organised a competition to design the redeveloped flood barrier and subsequently awarded the project to Zaha Hadid Architects.

Hamburg’s Niederhafen flood protection barrier is in a prominent location that incorporates the city’s renowned riverside promenade - a major attraction for tourists and one of Hamburg’s most important public spaces. Situated on top of the flood protection barrier, the promenade provides undisturbed views of the Elbe and the port.

With construction of all phases now complete, the redevelopment of Hamburg’s Niederhafen flood protection barrier re-connects its river promenade with the surrounding urban fabric of the city; serving as a popular riverside walkway while also creating links with adjacent neighbourhoods.

The linear structure is 8.60m above sea level in its eastern section and 8.90m above sea level in its western section to protect the city from maximum winter storm surges and extreme high tides.

A minimum width of ten metres ensures this popular riverside promenade offers generous public spaces for pedestrians, joggers, street performers, food stalls and cafes. Shops and public utilities are also accommodated within the structure at street level facing the city.

Wide staircases resembling small amphitheatres are carved within the flood protection barrier at points where streets from the adjacent neighbourhoods meet the structure; giving passers-by at street level views of the people strolling along the promenade at the top of the barrier as well as views of the masts and superstructures of ships in the Elbe.

"These staircases are orientated towards their intersecting city streets: Stubbenhuk, Neustädter Neuer Weg, Rambachstraße, Reimarusstraße and Ditmar-Koel-Straße. New pedestrian crossings connect each street with the river promenade," explained the studio. 

"Alternating with these city-facing stairs, similar amphitheatres facing the river are also carved within the structure; generating an oscillating sequence in the river promenade as it repeatedly widens and narrows."

Dedicated cycle lanes at street level run the length of the flood protection barrier. Wide ramps at Baumwell and Landungsbrücken connect the river promenade with street level and provide accessibility for all. A third central ramp enables service vehicles to access the promenade and Überseebrücke.

The river promenade is divided into two sections with different spatial qualities. The zone to the west is at a larger scale, offering wide views downstream of all shipping activity on the river. 

To the east, the port’s marina creates a more intimate atmosphere with a long ramp alongside the amphitheatre leading visitors down to the water’s edge.

A three-storey restaurant and two food kiosks are integrated within the flood protection structure. The top floor of the restaurant cantilevers over its adjacent staircase and gives diners panoramic views of the Elbe.

Pedestrian areas of the promenade are clad in a dark, anthracite-coloured granite that contrasts with the light grey granite of the staircases.

Project facts

Project Team
Client: Hamburg Road, Bridge, Waterways & Flood Protection Agency (LSBG)
Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA)
Design (ZHA): Zaha Hadid & Patrik Schumacher
ZHA Project Team: Jan Hübener (project leader), Niels Kespohl, Cornelius Schlotthauer, Rassul Wassa, Walentina Tradowski, Gonzalo Carbajo, Eren Ciraci

Project & Support Structure Planning: Ingenieurbüro Grassl Gmbh
Road & Traffic Planning: Schmeck-Junker Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh
Technical Building Services: Rmn Ingenieure
Geotechnical Consulting: Grundbauingenieure Steinfield Und Partner Gbr
Environmental Impact Assessment: Landschaft & Plan

Hamburg’s total public flood protection system
Length: 103km
Dykes: 78km
Flood protection: 25 km
Structures: 77
Storm surge barriers: 6
Locks: 6
Pumping stations and tidal gates: 27
Large river gates: 38

All images © Piet Niemann

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