"Instinct cannot be independent of rigor, knowledge and research, according to Counterspace founder Sumayya Vally, and she adds that "I think somewhere they are deeply intertwined."

Speaking to World Architecture Community at the Giardini in the Venice Architecture Biennale, Vally talked about how her research-based studio, Counterspace, was born as a response to a lack of something she found in the profession.

She added that how the rich, vibrant, energetic and the current conditions of her hometown of Johannesburg helped shape her practice's creative philosophy to think about the future of architecture.

Counterspace Sumayya Vally Venice Architecture Biennale